Internal-combustion engine.



w. A; BBSSBRDIGH. i INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE. 10. 1912 e. Ich

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE.

WILLIAM'A. EEssEanIcn, or cLINToNvILLE, WISCONSIN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oct. 13,1914.

Application faa Jane 10,1912.I serial No. 792,864.

To all fwgom it may concern Be vIt known that I, WILLIAM A. BESSER- DIoH, 'a citizen of the United States, residing at Clintonville, in the county of Wau' paca and State of lVisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements iny Internal- Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to internallcombustion engines, and it more particularly relates to an improved valve mechanism for fluid pressure engines. e i A11 object of theinvention is to lprovide l an engine of this character having two the main piston and slide valves,v the movei counterpart y valve mechanisms, op ositely disposed, land having oppositely isposed fluid passages er ports communicating with a main cylinder and adaptedto be used alternately for the in-take and 'exhaust oro'utlet of the actuating Huid.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an engine of this character, the main cylinder and oppositely disposed valve chambers of which, -together with the guides for' the valve-actuating piston'rod, are all formed integrally, or constitute a unitary casting, and thereby combine simplicity, compactness, rigidity 4 and economy of manufacture, with thorough eiiiciency.

Another object is to generally improve vliuid pressure engines of this character.

With these objects in view the invention consists in the Improvedconstructlon, arrangement and combmatlon of parts of a device of the character described which will be hereinafterfully described land after-- ward specifically claimed. y

In thev accompanying drawings which for-ma part of this application, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through the main casting or `body -oi'th'e engine and through t ments of the engine'being illustratedgdiagrammatically. Fig. 2 is a horizontal :sec-" l tional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig.v 1, and`-I*`ig.` 3 is a horizontal v`sectional. view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Referring :to these drawings,v in

. similar reference characters "correspond with similar parts throughout the 'several' views, the main cylinder 5 merges 'with-the' combustion chamber 6 and carries-the mam y which u piston the latter being pivoted at 8 to a connecting rod 9 which is pivoted at 10 to a crank 11 on the crank shaft 12. A gear wheel 13 is also secured on the crankshaft A 12 and is in mesh with gear wheels 14 and 15, the latter being seated on shafts 17 and 1 8, the. latter carrying cranks 17 and'18', respectively', which are pivoted at 19 and 20 to connecting rods 21 and 22 respectively. These connecting rodsfare pivoted at 23 and 24: to rods 25 and'26, respectively, which are secured to cylindrical slide valves -27 and 23 respectively. These slide valves may be or .any proper and desired construction, a1-

"though I have shown the same constructed in two sections. 'The main section 29 of veach slide valve is screw threaded at 30 to a spider 31, said vspider being centrally apertured at. 32 and in screw threaded engage-4 ment with the respective valve rods 25 proper source Aor* supply of actuating'luid lln practice, however, oniy 4one of these passages is connected with fluid supply, While the other may be connected to a muffler, or allowed to 'communicate directly with the open a1r,'so as to lead off the exhaust gases or products of combustion. In the present instance, I have chosen to assume that the passage 36 is the primary inlet passage,

while the passage 37 is l.the final exhaust passage, so Athat l while, in the position shown, no gas is entering or being exhausted, the directions in which. the gas\is assumed to enter and in which. the 'exhaust' is assumed tor escape are indicated by :the broken-arrows., y

The spidersl 3 2, are vprovided witli'i'apertures orvp'a'ssagesl 38, which-establish 'com-- Inunication 'between-thel'jlowenportions 'of Vthe valve `cylinders or 'chambers' and' ythe' interior portions, of "the j hollow cylindrical valves 27 and 28,theupper portionsof lsaid 'valves being l.in communication' with) the upperk portions' of the respective valve cyl- Inders. ii .A

A series of parallel .and horizontally disposed lports 39 'establish communication be,.-

tween'the niainbylinder 5 and vthe valve4 chamber 34:, while a similar and oppositely disposed series 'of'p'orts or passages 40 establish Vcommunication between the main cylginder and the valve chamber 35,. As .more clearly shown in Fig. 2, the passage 3 9 is 41', located in grooves in the peripheries of valves 27 and-28 as theyare carried past said ports. By'this arrangement ofthe inlet: andexhaust ports 39 and 40, respectively,-

provision is made for a large and quick supply or iii-take of gas and for a quick exhaust of the productsof combustion, vso as to re duce the` power required for the suction and exhaust strokes, to. a minimum; since it will v be seen that the horizontal distance 'through these ports is very much greater than' the vertical distance therethrough, and so, these ports are openedv and closed by a very slight movement of the valve, and so that the'ports are opened during a relatively small portion of each cycle of the engine.`

In operatiom'assumingthat the cranks 1l, 17 and 18 are moving in the direction of the several arrows, and that combustion has just taken place in the chamber 6, it will be seen that the ports 39 and 40 are closed by the piston 7, so that the valves are entirely relieved of or arded from theforce of the explosion, while the piston 7 receives the ..35 full force thereof. The relative proportions ofthe gear wheels 14e and 15 to the gear l wheel 13 is such that the latter makes two revolutions while the` lformer are making one, so that when the piston 7 has forced the 4o crank 11 from the position e to the position f, the crank 17 will have moved from the position a to the position 22, and in doing so, passes through position g and thereby moves vthe valve 27 to `position and returns it to the position shown in Fig. l; and While the crank 18is moving from the position c to the position'. The piston 7 having completed its working stroke, starts back on its exhaust'stroke, and while the crank 11 moves from position fto position e', the crank 17 moves tol position c, bringing the valve 27 to position j," and'atthe same time, the crank v 18 moves to position c', passing ,through position k', and in doing so, brings 4the valve 28 to position c and returns it to yposition j', thereby opening and closing the exhaust port a0 while-the piston 7 is making its exhaust stroke. The piston 7 novas-tarts down on its suction stroke, the crank lmov ing again from. position e to position f, and when said crank has reached` the position m, the crank 17, has reached the position 7e,

-in which position the port 39 is wide open, the top of the piston 27 bein s' in position le, andwhen crank 11l has reached ppsitlon f,

. armamenti the crank 17 "has reached position d and, the valve- 27 has been returned to positionj, l'closing theport 39; and at the same time,

the. crankjllS has moved to position ai', thereby returning the valve 28" to the ull m line position asshown.' The piston 7 .now starts upwardv on its compression stroke, and when it has reached the full line position shown, the crank 17 will have reached the position a, thereby vcarrying the valve 27 to 75 its full line position, as shown, .and the crank 18 will have passed through position g', to

position a', thereby raising the valve 28 to vposition t and, lowering it again to' its full 'line position. The engine has now completed a cycle, and is ready for the next ex plosion, after which the foregoing operation will be repeated with each succeeding cycle. It will be seen that the valve which opens and closes the exhaust port, moves one quarter ofa revolution in advance of the valve which opens and closes the inlet port.

Any proper means may be employed for supplying lubricating material to the main piston, and oil ducts 43 are provided through the walls of the casting which separate the main cylinder from the valve cylinders, said `oil ducts communicating With said cylinders and being downwardly inclined in the di` rection of the valves; the valve cylinders being provided with annular grooves or oil passages 44 which are'adapted to register alternately with the ducts 43, and through the medium ci these ducts, oil from the main cylinder may be transmitted to the valve cylinders, for lubricating the latter..

In order .that theV valve cylinders may be v easily cleaned,when necessary, I provide each of said cylinders with a cylinder cap or head 45 which is screw threaded into the 105 cylinder, and is provided with prismatic lug 46, for engagement with any proper tool, for removing the cylinder heads.

Any' proper form of spa-rk plug, as indi cated at 47, may be employed,-and adapted to coact with any proper means (not shown) for igniting the combustible fluid.

'Ihe main cylinder and the valve cylinders are surrounded by a water-jacket chamber i8 and the ports 39 and 40 are also surroundedby said chamber, so that heating of the entire casting is reduced to a minimum.

It. is obvious, from the preceding para graphs and fronithedrawings, that eil-'bh of the ports 39 and 40 respectively,are closed through more than three quarters of each cycle and open through less than one quarter of each cycle and it will also be obvious that the' in-t'ake port is wide open during the time ,thatthe speed of the piston 7 inthe suction stroke,- is the greatest, and as the intake valve becomes more nearly closed, the speed of the piston'diminishes, as it nears the completion of the suction stroke' and therefore, the opening between the va ve 27 and the' 130 port 39 is always in proportion to the su/c# tion vimparted by the main piston. The

`foregoing relation of the piston and .the in take port is applicable to the relation of said iston with the exhaust port, as is obvious.l

' t is also quite obvious that, the undesirable passage. of gas and of products of combustion through the ports, When the same are uncovered by the main piston, is avoided, since the slide valves are provided with expansion rings or packing rings 41 both'v above and below the intake and exhaustl ports. A

@n account or" the unusually capacious intake port, and on account of the manner in which said port is closed a'nd opened, it will y be seen that after each compression stroke,

4the main piston connes a considerable quantity of gas Within said port. When the pri-l mary explosion takes place, the'port 39 is closed, so that the gas Within the port is not immediately exploded; but, immediately after the primary explosion, and while the heat thereof is intense, the ymain piston moves downward and uncovers the port', releasing a secondary charge of gastherefrom, so that said secondary charge is immediately ignited and produces a secondary explosion, thereby Aimparting additional impetus to the main piston,l during each Working stroke thereo I l do not limit my invention -to the exact detailsy oi construction, combination and arj rangement of parts as illustrated and specified, but my invention may only be limited by a reasonable interpretation ofthe claims. Iclaimxv l. ln an internal combustion engine, a

` main cylinder, a main piston inv the main cylinder, a valve cylinder, a valve in the valve cylinder, and a partition betweenthemain cylinder. and the valve, cylinder, said partition having a port in communication between said main cylinder and said valve cylmunicating between the main cylinder and A,

the other valve cylinder, said. main cylinder having a chamber for the explosion of gas and said 'main piston having'an annular ilange for covering both of said ports at the moment of' explosion.

3. Iny an internal combustion engine, a main cylinder, a piston operable therein, auxiliary. cylinders carried by said main cylinder andin communication-With the top thereof, said auxiliary cylinders having inlet and exhaust ports', `sleeves slidably mounted in said auxiliary cylinders, spiders carried by said sleeves, pistonrods connected to' said spiders, ported webs connecting Vsaid main cylinder andsaid auxiliary cylinders whereby lubricant can ass from said main cylinder to said auxi iary cylinders, and. means actuated by a movementof said piston for .reciprocating said sleevesin' said Aauxiliary cylinders, said'means being? timed whereby. f.

said sleeves Willhav/e a single reciprocatory lmovement relatively Ato aidoubl'e reciproca' tory movementk of said piston. v f In testimony whereof' I havev signed my name to this specification in the presence oi two subscribing witnesses. y

WILLIAM nBEssERDIoH.

Witnesses:

LLEWELLYN COLE,- MAY MoLDENBaUnR. 

